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Anatomy The prostate is a variable sized gland located in the male pelvis, usually the size of a walnut measuring 3-4 centimeters long by 3-5 centimeters in width. On average, the gland weighs about 20 grams. It is found behind the pubic bone, in front of the rectum, and below the bladder, surrounded by the pelvic muscles. The prostate surrounds the urethra which carries urine from the bladder to the penis and travels in the center of the gland. The seminal vesicles attach to the prostate and produce material that mixes with prostate fluid to form semen. The tubes from the testicles carry sperm to the prostate where the sperm are mixed with the prostate and seminal vesicle fluid. This fluid is then ejaculated during orgasm by a connection to the urethra called the ejaculatory ducts. For many years the prostate was thought to exist in "lobes", however we now refer to the prostate as having various concentric zones. These zones are termed: anterior fibromuscular stroma, peripheral zone, central zone, and transition zone. It is the peripheral zone of the prostate that a doctor can feel by a finger in the rectum. Almost all prostate cancers start in the peripheral zone, thus the importance of the rectal examination. The transition zone generally accounts for less than 5% of the total prostate volume, however it is the exclusive site for the development of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and may therefore become massive. The central zone is involved with the connection of the seminal vesicles to the prostate and is rarely associated with any disease process. The anterior fibromuscular stroma is the anchoring point of the urethral sphincter that controls urination; it does not have any glands and therefore cancer or enlargement does not develop here. The prostate is made up of several different cell types. Epithelial cells make up the glandular portion of the prostate and stromal cells make up the surrounding muscle and connective tissues. Cancer of the prostate develops from the epithelial cells, but the interaction with the stromal cells is very important to the behavior and characteristics of the cancer. BPH develops from the complex interactions between epithelial and stromal cells. Poorly understood communications between these two very different cell types are believed to dramatically influence the development of various prostatic diseases. Testosterone and the hormonal systems interaction with these cell lines is an extremely active area of cancer research. Normal ejaculation produces about 3 cc of semen. The sperm make up less than 1 percent of the volume, with the seminal vesicles and prostate producing about 95% of the total volume. The ejaculate is very rich in unusually high concentrations of potassium, zinc, citric acid, fructose, and prostaglandins. Many other unusual substances are also found in the semen. Oral intake of zinc does not alter zinc levels in prostatic fluid. One idea as to why zinc is found at such high levels in the prostate is that zinc may provide protection from infection of the prostate. The significance of many components of prostate fluid is unknown, but generally thought to be involved with reproduction. Thus the prostate is essentially an organ for reproduction. Unfortunately, its proximity and relationship to the bladder and urethra causes major health problems for men long after the need for reproduction has passed. Prostatitis is simply the inflammation or infection of the prostate gland.
The symptoms are uncomfortable at best; more often they are extremely
painful and can also be dangerous. Symptoms include pain and swelling
in the prostate, fever, chills, pain in the lower back, burning or painful
urination, a need to urinate frequently during the night, dribbling, fatigue
and body aches, and pain with ejaculation. Acute prostatitis is likely to occur intermittently. It can cause fever,
bladder discomfort frequent and burning urination, and blood or pus in
the urine. Bacterial prostatitis can be caused by infectious bacteria that migrate from other parts of the body and by sexually transmitted disease organisms, especially through sex with multiple partners. Nonbacterial prostatitis is the most common form of prostatitis, but also the least understood. Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH): Each year, as many as 12 million American men suffer from symptoms of BPH that are so agonizing they are forced to seek medical treatment. In fact, in America today, four out of five American men are likely to develop prostate problems during their lifetime. The most common symptoms of BPH are a frequent need to urinate, a frustrating inability to completely empty the bladder, a weak urine stream, and painful or bloody urination. For a more detailed list of the symptoms associated with an enlarged prostate, click here. Leading scientists agree that the primary cause of BPH is a hormone called dihydrotestosterone or DHT for short. As you age (usually over 45), your body converts more testosterone into the more potent DHT. The result of this increase in DHT is an excessive overgrowth of prostate cells, resulting in an enlarged prostate gland that constricts the urethra and interferes with normal urinary functioning. DHT is also believed to cause a host of other health problems, including male pattern baldness. IF YOU ANSWER YES TO JUST ONE OF THESE QUESTIONS, IT IS LIKELY YOU HAVE A PROSTATE PROBLEM AND SHOULD SEE YOUR DOCTOR OR SEEK TREATMENT. Do you get up more than once or twice a night to urinate? Prostate cancer kills 41,000 men in the US every year. Prostate cancer
is now the most frequently diagnosed cancer among American males. It is
estimated that over 9 million men currently have some form of prostate
cancer in the United States. This year, 317,000 cases will be diagnosed
and Benign Prostate Hyperplasia (BHP) is a condition where the prostate enlarges,
but does not lead to cancer. According to Dr. Holt, BHP affects more than
half of all men over the age of 40, and 60% of all men over the age of
50. Although this condition is not carcinogenic, it is nonetheless associated
with sexual dysfunction and difficulty in urination. As a matter of fact,
prostatic health is required for satisfactory male sexual function. It
is therefore of benefit if this enlargement of the prostate The actual cause of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is unknown. However,
it has been noted that eunuchs (men who have had their testicles destroyed
or removed) do not develop BPH. Furthermore, after castration, benign
prostatic hyperplasia has been observed to regress. Since the presence
of normally functioning testicles appears to be necessary for the development
of BPH, it is supposed that the tumor tissue uses the androgenic (male)
hormones differently than normal prostate tissue does. Although the tumor
is benign (not cancerous), progressive growth of the tumor may cause significant
obstruction of the urethra and interfere with the normal flow Most medical doctors treat an enlarged prostate (BPH) with drugs or surgery.
In fact, every year there are over 400,000 operations performed in the
United States to treat BPH. Surgery can reduce the size of the prostate,
but it can also cause such negative side effects as impotence and There are many drugs in use today that shrink an enlarged prostate gland, but like surgery, they too can have undesirable and dangerous side effects, including decreased libido, premature ejaculation and impotence. One of these drugs can even cause severe birth defects. Proscar There are even more alarming aspects to this drug, both for men and for
women. It can cause birth defects in pregnant women who come in contact
with the drug or possibly even with the sperm of a man who has taken Proscar.
It can also artificially lower a man's PSA levels by as much as 60 Hytrin ALTERNATIVE REMEDIES AND CURES More andmore Doctors worldwide are starting to treat prostate problems
with herbs. If you're interested in natural alternatives to prescription
drugs, there are many natural prostate healing herbs that have been scientifically
proven to work as effectively as these prescription drugs, but without
any of the negative side effects. In fact, one prostate remedy (saw palmetto)
has been proven in clinical studies to be more effective than finasteride.
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